A Proposal to Use Determinants of Annoyance in Wind Farm Planning and Management

Wind energy in Europe is expected to grow at a steady, high pace, but opposition from residents local wind farm plans one of the obstacles further growth. A large body evidence shows that populations want be involved and respected for their concerns, practice, this complex process cannot solved with simple measures, such as financial compensation. The visual presence acoustic impact an important concern residents. Generally, environmental noise management aims reduce exposure population, usually based on acoustics restricted limited number sources (such transportation or industry) sound descriptors Lden). Individual perceptions are taken into account only aggregate, statistical level percentage exposed, annoyed sleep-disturbed persons population). reactions vary intensity over different dimensions pleasure/fear distraction). Sound predictor perceived health effects sound, explains part reaction. positive negative perception attitude source better its effects. This article show how two perspectives (based perception) can lead combined approach aimed annoyance, not level. An aspect what means people, leading following questions: it associated experience having no say plans, does anxiety worry appropriate? available knowledge will applied management, including planning well operation.